The “Salvation” of the Buddha
In Chapter 3’s parable, for his many children who
refuse to come out of the burning house, the father doesn’t offer sack cloth
and ashes, nor great sacrifices for them to be saved, but a distinctly
different kind of salvation. The children in the burning house do not apprehend
nor perceive, nor are they even aware of the suffering that will accrue by
remaining in the burning house; neither alarmed nor afraid that their “greed
for gain” will never be satisfied. Nor are they distressed that they are in
danger of separating themselves from loved ones, “never seeking to escape but
in the burning house of the triple world running about thither and thither, and
although they will meet with great suffering, count it not a cause for
anxiety.”
How then shall father save them? How shall he motivate
them to escape? He offers them splendid bejeweled carts for them to play with,
promising far greater rewards than are ever to be found in the burning house.
How different this “salvation” is from other religious
teachings in today’s world. In the parable, the father easily could round all
his children up in a cage and drag them unwillingly from the burning house,
insisting on rigid obedience, and that they blindly follow his precepts if they
wish to be saved. Rather he uses the tactful method of promising pleasures far
exceeding what’s to be found in the burning house, if only they will come out.
The Buddha asks Shariputra if this method is
deceitful, if the elder in giving great carts of precious substances to his
children equally, has been somewhat guilty of falsehood? Shariputra answers
with a resounding NO! – recalling the impact his answer had when I first read
it.
“No, World-honored One! that elder only caused his
children to escape the disaster of fire and preserved their bodies alive—he
committed no falsity. Why? He has in such a manner preserved their bodies and
also they have obtained those playthings; how much more by tactful means has he
saved them from that burning house! World-honored One! even if that elder did
not give them one of the smallest carts, still he is not false. . . That elder
from the first formed this intention: I
will by tactful means cause my children to escape.’ For this reason he is
not false. How much less seeing that this elder, knowing his own boundless
wealth and desiring to benefit his children, gives them great carts equally!”
The Buddha replies, "Good! Good! it is even as
you say. Shariputra! the Tathagata is also like this, for he is the father of
all worlds, who has forever entirely ended all fear, despondency, distress,
ignorance, and umbrageous darkness and has perfected boundless knowledge,
powers, and fearlessness; is possessed of great spiritual power and wisdom; has
completely attained the paramitas of tactfulness and wisdom; who is the greatly
merciful and greatly compassionate, ever
tireless, ever seeking the good, and benefiting all beings. And he is born
in this triple world, the old decayed burning house, to save all living
creatures from the fires of birth, old age, disease, death, grief, suffering,
foolishness, darkness, and the three poisons, and teaches them to obtain
Perfect Enlightenment.
The Buddha doesn’t force the children to come out of
the burning house, he motivates them to come out of their own free will—not to depend upon gods or enlightened ones
to deliver them. Salvation is achieved through self-motivation and personal
practice, and the ultimate goal of such practice is to go beyond the little
self—the ego (in the parable, the one door open for escape), and become
obedient only to the universal truth, one with the great life-force of the
universe. Faith comes from the power within—our own will and effort taking
refuge in that absolute power that causes us to live.
Discarding
ego-centered actions
His house is
spacious and large, having only one door – later described as only one
narrow, small gate, symbolizing how difficult it is to escape a dominating
egoistic self. Discarding the ego, releasing it, is the great revolution of
mind and heart. Paraphrasing Nikkyo Niwano: “The first stage of releasing the
illusory power of the ego is awakening to the simple truth that human suffering
is brought about by collection of greeds and wants—desires, all graphically
described in the parable. But this is not enough.
“At the second stage, we realize that in accordance
with the Law of Causation, all that we so urgently desire and are attached to
is a temporary appearance brought about by coming together of primary and
secondary causes. The origin of these desires is ignorance, a basic
misapprehension that the flesh is oneself. What we cling to has no real
substance. Realizing this, automatically removes us from self-centered thinking
and suffering.”
The Buddha describes the treasures received by the
children for coming out of the house for the sake of the goat and deer
carts—although he has surprised them by giving all of them the great bullock
cart:
“If there are living beings who, following the
Buddha, the World-honored One, hear the Law, receive it in faith, diligently
practice, and zealously advance, seeking
the complete wisdom, the wisdom of the Buddha, the natural wisdom, the wisdom
without a teacher, and the knowledge, powers, and fearlessness of the
Tathagata, who take pity on and comfort innumerable creatures, benefit gods
and living beings, and save all beings, these will have the vehicle named the
Great-vehicle. Because the bodhisattvas seek the vehicle, they are named
mahasattvas. They are like those children who come out of the burning house for
the sake of a bullock cart.”
from Chapter 3, A Parable:
“Shariputra! just as that elder seeing his children
get out of the burning house safely to a place free from fear, and pondering on
his immeasurable wealth, gives each of his children a great cart, so also is it
with the Tathagata. Being the father of all living creatures, if he sees
infinite thousands of countless creatures by the teaching of the Buddha escape
from the suffering of the triple world, from fearful and perilous paths, and
gain the joys of nirvana, the Tathagata then reflects thus: ‘I possess
infinite, boundless wisdom, power, fearlessness, and other law-treasuries of
buddhas.
“’All these living creatures are my sons and
daughters to whom I will equally give the Great-vehicle, so that there will be no one who will gain nirvana
alone but all gain nirvana by the same nirvana as the Tathagata. All these
living creatures who escape the triple world are given the playthings of enlightened
ones, the buddhas—concentrations, emancipations, and other playthings, all of
one form and one kind, praised by sages and able to produce pure, supreme
pleasure.’
“Shariputra! even as that elder at first attracted
his children by the three carts and afterward gave them only a great cart
magnificently adorned with precious things and supremely restful, yet that
elder is not guilty of falsehood, so also is it with the Tathagata; there is no
falsehood in first preaching three vehicles to attract all living creatures and
afterward saving by the Great-vehicle only. Wherefore? Because the Tathagata
possesses infinite wisdom, power, fearlessness, and the treasury of the laws
and is able to give all living creatures the Great-Buddha-vehicle, but not all
are able to receive it. Shariputra! for this reason know that the enlightened
ones, by their tactful powers, in the One Buddha-vehicle discriminate and
expound the three.” / / /
This, the first of seven parables of the Lotus Sutra, is
a significant one, for it explains the value of practicing in the realms of the
three vehicles—learning, becoming self-enlightened, reaching toward the world
of the universally compassionate ones. However, the ultimate reward for
escaping from distresses of the burning house is the attainment of absolute awareness—peace
of mind even in the midst of illusion and suffering—ultimately, Perfect
Enlightenment; to realize that since all living beings, including human beings,
are manifestations of the great life-force of the universe, all are equal in
terms of the fundamental value of their existence.
Thus a sense of unity arises—all equally may partake
of the great life-force of the universe which causes us to live. When one has
come this far, the self vanishes.
The Buddha desired that all equally attain that which
he possesses—infinite wisdom, power, fearlessness, and the treasury of the law.
These, he proclaims are accessible to everyone.
From Zen Master Hui-neng: This remarkable doctrine of self-salvation centers on the identity of
one's own nature with the Buddha. It is the Buddha (or the Tathagata) in the
minds of the aspirants who save themselves. From this insight a charity and a
morality arise, because the individual and the totality are one ecological
organism, mutually dependent.